In the process of power transmission, insulators play a crucial role in ensuring the normal operation of transmission lines and enhancing their safety and stability. With the increase in the number of transmission lines and the practical need for safety and stability, the demand for transmission line insulators is gradually rising. To meet the practical needs of transmission lines and improve the performance of transmission line insulators, a deeper understanding of the usage knowledge of insulators is required. Based on this analysis, we should carefully analyze the classification of insulators in transmission lines, as well as the technical requirements of transmission lines for insulators, and clarify the precautions for the use of transmission line insulators to ensure that their role in transmission lines is fully utilized.

       1. Mechanical properties

       The mechanical strength of insulators encompasses tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, resistance to mechanical impact, and residual strength. Only by meeting these basic mechanical performance indicators can insulators ensure that they meet the operational needs of transmission lines, satisfy the safety and stability requirements of transmission lines, and enhance the overall stability of transmission lines.

       2. Electrical performance

       The electrical performance of an insulator refers to its ability to withstand certain overvoltages (power frequency voltage, switching overvoltage, lightning overvoltage) without being broken down, thereby ensuring the safe operation of transmission lines. Since insulators operate within transmission lines, their electrical performance is a crucial indicator of whether they can meet operational requirements. Considering this, the electrical performance of insulators must meet the criterion of not being broken down under overvoltages.

       (1) Power frequency voltage

Power frequency voltage refers to the maximum voltage between the conductor and the ground during normal operation of the power system

       (2) Switching overvoltage

       Switching overvoltage is an overvoltage with a very short duration caused by equipment operation or other reasons

       (3) Lightning overvoltage

       Lightning overvoltage is an overvoltage caused by lightning strikes

       3. Heat engine performance

       Considering the harsh working conditions of insulators, which include not only normal states but also exposure to freezing, extreme heat, high temperature, and high pressure, it is necessary for insulators to possess strong thermomechanical properties to meet their practical working requirements.

       4. Insulator resistance to deterioration

       Insulators that are exposed to high voltage field strength, mechanical loads, and atmospheric effects for extended periods of time will experience a continuous decline in their electrical performance and mechanical load-bearing capacity over time, gradually losing their insulating and mechanical capabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the anti-degradation performance of insulators to ensure that they meet practical needs, enhance their operational performance, and improve their overall resistance to degradation.